What is obesity?

Obesity is a medical condition characterized by excessive body fat that can negatively impact health.

How do I know if I am obese?

Obesity is diagnosed by one of 2 methods: Body Mass Index (BMI) or Waist circumference.

BMI is calculated using your height and weight, normal BMI for our population is considered to be between 18.5-22.9. BMI 23-24.9 is considered Overweight and > 25 is considered Obese.

Waist circumference is measured between lower end of ribs and upper edge of hip bones. If it is > 35 inches in males or >30 inches in females, you are diagnosed as Obese.

What causes obesity?

Obesity is often the result of a combination of factors including:

• Genetics: Some people have a genetic predisposition to gain weight more easily due to inherited traits.
• Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can lead to weight gain.
• Unhealthy diet: A diet high in calories, processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats contributes to obesity.
• Emotional factors: Stress, depression, or emotional eating can lead to overeating and weight gain.
• Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions such as hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and Cushing's syndrome can cause weight gain.
• Medications: Some medications, like antidepressants, steroids, and antipsychotics, can lead to weight gain.
• Lack of sleep: Sleep deprivation can lead to hormonal imbalances that increase appetite and food cravings.

Are there health risks associated with obesity?

Yes, obesity can increase the risk of various health issues such as

• Cardiovascular disease: High blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke are common among people with obesity due to the strain on the heart and blood vessels.
• Type 2 diabetes: Excess body fat makes cells more resistant to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels.
• Sleep apnea: Obesity can cause breathing problems during sleep, leading to sleep apnea.
• Joint problems: Extra weight puts stress on joints, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis.
• Certain cancers: Obesity has been linked to increased risk of cancers, such as breast, colon, and kidney cancer.
• Fatty liver disease: Obesity can lead to the accumulation of fat in the liver, which can cause inflammation and liver damage.
• Reproductive issues: In women, obesity can lead to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and complications during pregnancy.

How can I manage obesity?

Effective management includes adopting a balanced diet, reducing portion size, increasing physical activity, seeking support from healthcare professionals such as an endocrinologist to consider medications and bariatric surgery.