Calcium and parathyroid disorders are conditions that affect the regulation of calcium in the body, primarily through the function of the parathyroid glands. These glands are responsible for maintaining normal calcium levels in the blood and bones by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH). Calcium is essential for many body functions, including bone health, muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting. Too much PTH or not enough PTH both are an issue.

What is hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where one or more of your parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This can lead to high levels of calcium in the blood, which can cause various health issues, including brittle bones and kidney stones.

What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

Many people with hyperparathyroidism may not have noticeable symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include fatigue, weakness, bone pain, increased thirst, frequent urination, and kidney stones. Some individuals may also experience depression or confusion.

How is hyperparathyroidism treated?

Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition. In many cases, surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid gland(s) is recommended. For those with mild symptoms, regular monitoring may be sufficient. Medications and lifestyle changes can also help manage calcium levels in the blood.

What is Hypoparathyroidism?

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too little PTH, leading to low calcium levels in the blood.

What are symptoms of Hypoparathyroidism:

Symptoms include:

• Tingling or numbness: Often in the lips, fingers, and toes.
• Muscle cramps or spasms: Low calcium can cause painful muscle contractions, called tetany.
• Fatigue and weakness.
• Seizures: Severe hypocalcemia can cause seizures in rare cases.

How is Hypoparathyroidism treated?

Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism includes ensuring adequate Calcium, Vitamin D from diet and supplements and occasionally additional medicines such as PTH hormone, etc.