What is endocrine hypertension?

Endocrine hypertension is a type of high blood pressure caused by hormonal imbalances in the body. Unlike primary hypertension, which is often linked to lifestyle factors, endocrine hypertension results from specific endocrine disorders that affect hormone production and regulation. Common conditions associated with this type of hypertension include primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, and Cushing's syndrome.

What are the common causes of endocrine hypertension?

The most prevalent causes of endocrine hypertension include:

• Primary Aldosteronism: Excess production of aldosterone from the adrenal glands leads to sodium retention and increased blood pressure.
• Pheochromocytoma: A rare tumor of the adrenal gland that secretes excess hormones like adrenaline, causing episodes of high blood pressure.
• Cushing's Syndrome: Prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels can result in hypertension due to its effects on fluid balance and blood vessel function.

Other less common causes may include thyroid disorders and certain genetic conditions.

How do I know if I have endocrine hypertension?

As per studies ~10% people with high Blood Pressure have Endocrine Hypertension.

If you have one of the following conditions, you may need to be tested for Endocrine Hypertension:

• Diagnosed with high BP before age of 30 years
• Require 4 or more medicines to control BP
• Have high BP and low potassium
• Have Episodes of headaches with fast heart beats, anxiety-like attacks, and excessive sweating

How is endocrine hypertension diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Clinical Evaluation: A thorough medical history and physical examination to assess symptoms and risk factors.
• Laboratory Tests: Blood tests to measure hormone levels, particularly aldosterone, renin, cortisol, metanephrines as well as electrolytes.
• Imaging Studies: Techniques such as CT scans or MRIs may be used to identify tumors or abnormalities in the adrenal glands.
• Specialized Testing: Additional tests like Adrenal Vein Sampling can help confirm specific diagnoses.

Why is it important to treat endocrine hypertension?

Treating endocrine hypertension is crucial because it can lead to serious health complications, including heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage. Additionally, addressing the underlying hormonal disorder may provide a potential cure or significantly improve blood pressure control compared to standard antihypertensive treatments alone. Early diagnosis and targeted therapy can enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.